Organizer: Sean Gilsdorf (Harvard University)
Chair: Helmut Reimitz (Princeton University)
Bernard S. Bachrach (University of Minnesota), “Charlemagne’s Invasion of Spain in 778: The Anatomy of a Strategic Failure”
Christopher Landon (University of Toronto), “Defining Differences: Franks and Saxons on the Carolingian Frontier”
Edward Schoolman (University of Nevada, Reno), “Forming Noble Families on the Fringes of the Kingdom of Italy: Rome and Ravenna, 844-973”